Category: Glossary of Byzantine Terms

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Greek fire: Devastating and dreaded Byzantine petroleum-based weapon; it was sticky, was ignited ...
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Exarchate: territorial and administrative unit commanded by an exarch; in modern usage, often the...
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Ecumenical councils: (from oikoumenikos, ‘worldwide’) conferences of the bishops of the whole chu...
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Diadem: originally a head-band, then imperial Roman symbol of majesty from the fourth century on;...
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Circus factions: associations that staged circus games; fervent supporters’ associations of one o...
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Chrysotriklinos: ‘golden hall’, from ‘gold’ (chrysos) and ‘hall’ (triklinos): large reception hal...
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Caesaropapism: system whereby the monarch exercised unfettered control over the church in his dom...
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Armeniakoi: one of the earliest themes; based in northern Anatolia with headquarters at Euchaita.
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Arians: followers of a heresy (named after its main proponent, the third century theologian Arius...
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Aktemon: A peasant with no property, no oxen or plough.
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A type of annuity administered by monasteries which provided (elderly) laity with a regular allot...
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Theotokos ‘god-bearing’ (from theos ‘god’ and tokos ‘bringing forth’): description of the Virgin ...
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Thrakesioi: one of the earliest themes, based in western Anatolia with headquarters at Chonai.
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tribunus (s.), tribuni (pl.): term for indigenous local rulers in southern Italy, which fell out ...
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Turmarch: commander of a tourma; senior military commander with fiscal and judicial responsibilit...
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True Cross: wooden cross on which Christ was crucified, or fragments – relics – supposedly from it.
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Turkmen (Turkoman, Turcoman): Turkish nomadic tribesmen from Central Asia who streamed into Anato...
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Chalke; the Bronze Gate: main ceremonial entrance into the Great Palace of Constantinople, throug...
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Berbers: name given to several ethnic groups indigenous to north-west Africa; known in Arab sourc...
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Turkic-speaking nomadic warriors who appeared in the north Black Sea steppe in the sixth century,...
Showing 61 - 80 of 87 results