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Bailo (s.), Baili (pl.): general term for administrator; head of the Venetian colony in Constanti...

Roga: Originally a salary paid monthly, quarterly, or annually; from at least the 9th century als...

Confederation of Turkicspeaking peoples who dominated the Black Sea steppes from the glossary mid...

Turkic-speaking nomadic warriors who appeared in the north Black Sea steppe in the sixth century,...

Chrysotriklinos: ‘golden hall’, from ‘gold’ (chrysos) and ‘hall’ (triklinos): large reception hal...

Koinobion: A type of monastery which emphasized a communal lifestyle, including attendance at chu...

Autokrator: Greek equivalent of the Latin imperator, emperor, used especially after the 7th centu...

Uzes:A branch of the Oghuz confederation of Turkic-speaking peoples; ousted the Pechenegs from th...

Turmarch: commander of a tourma; senior military commander with fiscal and judicial responsibilit...

Monothelitism: (from monos and thelein ‘to will’) doctrine recognising the existence of one ‘will...

Codex Justinianus: Codification of Roman law produced at the beginning of the reign of Justinian ...

Thelematarioi: “Volunteers,” soldiers/watchmen who served on the basis of grants of land given by...

Kapnikon: Tax on “hearths” or households, introduced probably during the later 7th or 8th century.

Sasanians: Persian ruling dynasty which overthrew the Parthian Arsacid dynasty in the early third...

Oikonomos: The financial officer of a large church monastery, responsible for the management of i...

Ekklesiarches: The sacristan of a church, responsible for preparing for services by setting out t...

Arians: followers of a heresy (named after its main proponent, the third century theologian Arius...

Strategos: A general; in Byzantine times usually the governor of a military district or thema, an...

Augustus (m.), Augusta (f.) senior emperor within a group of coemperors, or within a single famil...